Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Impact 0.1 (CiteScore) | Online ISSN  2207-872X
CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS   (Open Access)

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Potential of the Crude Extracts from Marine Microalga Isochrysis sp.

Umme Tamanna Ferdous1, Armania Nurdin2,3, Saila Ismail4, Khozirah Shaari5,6, Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof 1,4,7,*

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Journal of Angiotherapy 6(3) 723-724 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.6342C

Submitted: 24 December 2022  Revised: 24 December 2022  Published: 24 December 2022 

Abstract


Introduction: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Due to the side effects and drug resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs, a search for alternative anticancer agents from natural sources, especially marine sources, is warranted. Isochrysis sp. is a marine microalga that produces a wide range of pharmaceutically important metabolites but there is a lack of data about the cytotoxic activities of this microalga. Hence, this research is planned to investigate the cytotoxicity of marine Isochrysis sp. crude extracts against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and to evaluate its mode of cell death. Method: Freeze-dried Isochrysis sp. biomass was extracted with eight solvents with different polarities through sonication and maceration. The algal extracts were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect at 100 µg/mL concentration against the MCF-7 cell line using MTT assay. The most cytotoxic extract of Isochrysis sp. was further investigated for apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells through flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Results: Among eight extracts, the ethanol extract of Isochrysis sp. reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 cells to 7.24 ± 0.47% after 72 hours of incubation, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. The IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value was 13.37 ± 0.59 µg/ml after 24 hours in MCF-7 cells and >100 µg/ml in non-cancerous human lung fibroblast cells, MRC-5. Morphological observation under a light microscope revealed cell shrinkage, condensation of cellular contents, and membrane blebbing in treated MCF-7 cells compared to untreated cells. The Annexin V-FITC and PI staining analysis confirmed that the mode of cell death is mainly apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed the accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase and G2/M arrest. An up-regulation of the proapoptotic Bax gene and tumor suppressor p53 gene was observed through RT-PCR. Conclusion: The data suggest that crude ethanolic extract from marine Isochrysis sp. has induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and may have potential therapeutic value for human breast cancer.

Keywords: Apoptosis, Cytotoxic, Isochrysis sp., Marine microalgae, MCF-7

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