A Case of Acute Glomerulo Nephritis with Encephalopathy

Kannan N¹, Prabhu K², Jamunarani A³, Thatiparthi  Stephen*⁴

The treatment strategy involves general measures to correct the underlying cause of PRES. An early etiologic diagnosis helps the cause of PRES to be promptly corrected. Blood pressure management, removal of cancer chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents, dialysis, or other treatments may be appropriate

Abstract

Encephalopathy describes a clinical syndrome of altered mental status, manifesting as reduced consciousness/altered behavior. It can be caused by many diverse causes, including systemic infections, metabolic derangement, inherited metabolic disorders, toxins, hypoxia, trauma, vasculitis, and CNS infections. We are here presenting an atypical case of Acute Glomerulo Nephritis (AGN)admitted with features of encephalopathy.

Keywords: Encephalopathy, Glomerulo Nephritis, vasculitis.

References

Arzanian MT, Shamsian BS, Karimzadeh P, Kajiyazdi M, Malek F, Hammoud M. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pediatric hematologic-oncologic disease: literature review and case presentation. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014;8(2):1-10.

Bartynski WS, Boardman JF. 2007. Distinct imaging patterns and lesion distribution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:1320-7.

https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0549

Casey SO, Truwtt CL. Pontine reversible edema: 2000. A newly recognized imaging variant of hypertensive encephalopathy? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:243-5.

De Laat P, TeWinkel ML, Devos AS, Catsman- Berrevoets CE, Pieters R, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. 2011. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in childhood cancer. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(2):472-8.

https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq382

Girisgen I, Tosun A, Sönmez F, Özsunar Y. 2010. Recurrent and atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with peritoneal dialysis. Turk J Pediatr. 2010;52:416- 9.

Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A, et al.1996 Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996;22:494-500.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199602223340803

Incecik F, Hergüner MO, Altunbasak S, Erbey F, Leblebisatan G. 2009. Evaluation of nine children with reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome. Neurol India. 2009;57(4):475-8.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.55605

Legriel S, Pico F, Azoulay E. Understanding Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine.Springer. 2011:631-653.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18081-1_56

Lucchini G, Grioni D, Colombini A, Contri M, De Grandi C, Rovelli A, et al. Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children With Hemato-Oncological Disorders Is Not Always Posterior and Reversible. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;51:629-33.

https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21688

McKinney AM, Short J, Truwit CL, McKinney ZJ, Kozak OS, SantaCruz KS, et al.2007. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:904-12.

https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.2024

Mirza A. 2006. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A variant of hypertensive encephalopathy. J ClinNeurosci. 2006;13:590- 5.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2005.03.042

Prasad N, Gulati S, Gupta RK, Sharma K, Gulati K, Sharma RK, et al.2007. Spectrum of radiological changes in hypertensive children with reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy. Brit J Radiol. 2007;80:422-9.

https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/81758556

Siebert E, Spors B, Bohner G, Endres M, LimanTG 2013. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children: radiological and clinical findings - a retrospective analysis of a German tertiary care center. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2013;17(2):169-75.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.08.003

Won SC, Kwon SY, Han JW, Choi SY, Lyu CJ. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Childhood with Hematologic/ Oncologic Diseases.J PediatrHematolOncol. 2009;31(7):505-8.

https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181a71868