Effects of Physical Activity as A Treatment For Depression in the Elderly
José Vinicius Bulhões da Silva 1, Weslley Barbosa Sales 2, Natália Herculano Paz 3, Annicia Lins Freitas1, Natália Mota da Silva Borges 1, Andrea Carla Brandão da Costa Santos 3, Eduardo Eriko Tenório de França1, Pollyana Soares de Abreu Morais 3, José Heriston de Morais Lima 1
Journal of Angiotherapy 9(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.9110157
Submitted: 08 January 2025 Revised: 09 March 2025 Published: 12 March 2025
Abstract
Background: Physical activity is widely acknowledged as an effective strategy for alleviating depressive symptoms in the elderly, offering significant benefits for mental health and overall well-being in this population. Objective: To identify the most effective exercise modalities for treating depression in older adults, based on scientific evidence. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using PRISMA protocols and the PICO strategy to define the research question and select articles. Databases PubMed, Scielo, and BVS (Lilacs & Medline) were searched, resulting in 21 articles included in the analysis. Results: Aerobic and resistance training proved effective in reducing depressive symptoms, particularly with regular practice. Aerobic exercise was linked to enhanced neuroplasticity and mood modulation through molecular pathways like PGC-1α/FNDC5/Irisin and increased BDNF levels. Resistance training improved self-esteem and energy levels. Adherence to exercise programs was influenced by motivational factors and social support. Discussion: Personalized interventions combining aerobic and resistance modalities are more effective, particularly when integrated with psychosocial therapies and pharmacological support. Conclusions: Physical activity is an essential tool for healthy aging and should be integrated into geriatric care as part of a holistic approach to treating depression.
Keywords: Physical activity; Depression; Elderly; Mental health; Healthy aging.
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