Antibacterial Activity of Sidr (Zizyphus spin csiti) Plant Extracts against Urinary Pathogens
Amal Naif Alshammari 1*
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(4) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.849577
Submitted: 04 March 2024 Revised: 02 April 2024 Published: 06 April 2024
Sidr plant extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against urinary pathogens as potential alternative of UTI treatments.
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections in children, with Escherichia coli being a primary causative agent. Traditional remedies like the Sidr plant have gained popularity due to their therapeutic properties, including antibacterial effects. Methods: Sidr leaves were collected, dried, and powdered. A cold aqueous extract was prepared by dissolving the powder in distilled water, and an alcoholic extract was made using ethyl alcohol. Chemical analysis was conducted to identify active ingredients. The antibacterial activity of both extracts was evaluated against bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion method. Results and Discussion: Chemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and other compounds in the Sidr plant. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts showed antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Increasing concentrations of the extracts correlated with increased inhibition of bacterial growth, with the alcoholic extract exhibiting a maximal inhibitory effect at 200 mg/ml. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of Sidr plant extracts is attributed to their impact on bacterial cell activity and membrane permeability, likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds. These findings support the potential use of Sidr plant extracts as alternative or adjunct therapies for UTIs.
Keywords: Zizyphusspin-csiti, Urinary tract infections, Sidr plant, Antibacterial activity, Herbal remedies, Microbial susceptibility.
References
Al-Mukhtar, I (1999). Studying the pharmacological properties of some medicinal plants on some parasitic worms in laboratory mice. Master's thesis - Science - College of Veterinary Medicine (University of Baghdad).
Al-Salami, W (1998). The effect of extracts of madad and dandelion plants on the life performance of the wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum. Doctoral thesis, College of Science, University of Babylon.
Al-Ramahi, S (2006). Study of the antagonistic activity of Yucca Leptus and thyme leaf extracts against Staphyloccuc aureus bacteria outside and inside the body of albino mice, Master’s thesis - College of Education for Girls - University of Kufa.
Al-Darwish, M (1983). Summary of medical pharmacology. 2nd edition of the General Authority for Education and Teaching in the Ministry of Health.
Al-Rawi, Ali (1988). Medicinal plants in Iraq. 2nd edition, General Authority for Agricultural Research and Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation.
Al-Abed, Kawthar Fouad (2008). Antibacterial and anti-Candida activity of volatile oils of some medicinal plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Microbiology, aureus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli outside the body of the organism. Master's thesis - College of Education - University of Riyadh.
Egorove, N. S. (1985). Antibiotics scientific Approach. Mirpublis hers Moscow.
Harbon, G.B; (1984). Phytochemical methods. Aguied tomodern techniques of plants analysis – second. Ed. Chapman ans hall. London, New york.
Hernández-Pérez, M., López-García, R. E., Rabanal, R. M., Darias, V., & Arias, A. (1994). Antimicrobial activity of Visnea mocanera leaf extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 41(1-2), 115-119.
Nickel, J.C.; Costerton, J.W.; Mcleam, R.J. and Alson, M. (1998). Bacterial biofilms: Influence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of uri-nary tract infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth-er., 33, 31-41.
Rushton, H. G. (1997). Urinary tract infections in children: epidemiology, evaluation, and management. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 44(5), 1133-1169.Schulze, R. (2003). Herbs hands healingltd, california Univ. J., 8: 82 -88.
Bien, J.; Sokolova, O. and Bozko, P. (2012). Role of uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence factors in development of urinary tract infection and kidney damage. International Journal of Nephrology. 681473.
Shah, C.; Baral, R.; Bartaula, B. and Shrestha, L.B. (2019). Virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and correlation with antimicrobial resistance. BMC Microbiology.19 (1):1-6.
Nicolle, L.E. (2008). Short-term therapy for urinary tract infection: success and failure. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.1: 40-5.
Bhatt, C.P.; Shrestha, B.; Khadka, S.; Swar, S.; Shah, B. and Pun, K. (2012). Etiology of urinary tract infection and drug resistance cases of uropathogenes. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College. 1(2):
Mahapatra, S. and Heffner, A.C. (2019). Septic Shock (Sepsis). In: StatPearls Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
Pitout, J.D. and DeVinney, R. (2017). Escherichia coli ST131: a multidrug-resistant clone primed for global domination. F1000Research. 6: F1000 Faculty Rev-195.
Kumar, D.; Singh, A.K.; Ali, M.R. and Chander, Y. (2014). Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from various clinical samples. Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment. 7: 1-8.
Chaudhari, B.K.; Singh, G.K.; Parajuli, K.P. and Shrestha, K. (2016). Incidence and susceptibility of uropathogens isolated among the patients at tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. Journal of Nobel Medical College. 5(2): 51-55.
Li, B.; Haridas, B.; Jackson, A.R.; Cortado, H.; Mayne, N.; Kohnken, R.; Bolon, B.; McHugh, K.M.; Schwaderer, A.L.; Spencer, J.D. and Ching, C.B. (2017). Inflammation drives renal scarring in experimental pyelonephritis. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 312(1): F43-53.
View Dimensions
View Altmetric
Save
Citation
View
Share