Journal of Angiotherapy
Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
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Contents Vol 8 (1)

Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Traumatic Epidural Hematoma: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Outcomes

Afnan Mohammed Al Dosari 1, Eman Ibrahim Alshaikh Ali 1,  Khwlah Abdulaziz Alswaied 1, Mohammed Naif Al Mutairi 1, Abdulkarim Shunayn Safi Alanazi 1, Fahad Husayyan Al Enazi 1, Nada Abdulrahman Amer Alajmi 1, Ali Abdullah Mohammed Alajlan 1, Ahmad Asri Awad Alanazi 1, ‏Abdulrahman Ibrahim Abdullah Al Fahad 1, Ahmed Abdulkarim Sulaiman Alnughaymishi 1, ‏Shalah Hmoud Al Harbi 1, Ahmed suhaiman Alsharari 1, Nasser Ali Alhabib 1, Soliman Mohammed Alehaidib 1, Omar Obaid Alharbi 1, Hussein Mohammed Alwadai 1, Adel lafi alharbi 1*

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8 (1) 1-10 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.8110097

Submitted: 31 October 2023 Revised: 14 January 2024  Published: 15 January 2024 

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Abstract

Background: Epidural hematoma (EDH) is a life-threatening condition resulting from traumatic brain injury, often requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent irreversible neurological damage. Originating from arterial bleeding, EDH is characterized by the "lucid interval" phenomenon, emphasizing the need for vigilant clinical monitoring. Advances in imaging and a multidisciplinary approach have improved patient outcomes, yet challenges persist in timely management, particularly in patients with complicating factors such as anticoagulant use or advanced age. Methods: This review integrates recent findings on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of EDH. A comprehensive literature search identified key studies on the contributions of emergency providers, pharmacists, and nurses to EDH care. Particular attention was given to the role of imaging modalities, pharmacological considerations, and post-operative monitoring in optimizing outcomes. Results: Emergency providers play a critical role in stabilizing patients and determining the need for surgical intervention. Imaging modalities, including CT and MRI, remain essential for diagnosis and assessing hematoma severity. Pharmacists contribute by managing anticoagulants and other medications, ensuring drug safety and preventing adverse interactions. Nurses are integral in continuous monitoring, early detection of complications, and patient education, enhancing recovery post-surgery. Multidisciplinary collaboration significantly reduces mortality and morbidity rates, particularly in high-risk populations such as the elderly or those on anticoagulation therapy. Conclusion: Timely recognition and intervention are paramount in the management of EDH. A coordinated effort between emergency providers, pharmacists, and nursing staff is essential to delivering effective care and improving outcomes. Future research should focus on refining management protocols, advancing imaging technologies, and exploring innovative therapeutic options to address unmet clinical needs in EDH care.

Keywords: Epidural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, multidisciplinary care, pharmacological management, surgical intervention

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