MicroBio Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacology | Online ISSN 2209-2161
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)

Biocontrol of Chocolate Banded Snail Using Steinernema Nematodes in Egypt

Mona A. Hussein 1*,  Salem, H.A.  1

+ Author Affiliations

Microbial Bioactives 7 (1) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.719666

Submitted: 02 April 2024 Revised: 04 May 2024  Published: 15 May 2024 


Abstract

Background: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been utilized as biopesticides in niche markets to control various plant pests. Land snails are significant pests in nurseries, greenhouses, orchards, and field crops globally. In Egypt, snails have become major agricultural pests, causing extensive damage to various crops across the Nile Delta. Methods: In a laboratory bioassay, the efficacy of four species of entomoparasitic nematodes from the Steinernematidae family was tested against the chocolate banded land snail, Massylaea vermiculata. The tested species included Steinernema carpocapsae (BA2), S. glaseri (S.g.), S. feltiae (S.f.), and S. scapterisci. Adult snails were exposed to four dosage levels: 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 infective juveniles (IJs) per 10 adults. Results: Data indicated that the mortality rates of M. vermiculata increased with higher inoculum levels of EPN treatments. Mortality was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in snails exposed to either Steinernema carpocapsae or S. scapterisci for two weeks compared to untreated snails exposed to water only. S. scapterisci was the most effective nematode against M. vermiculata, with an LC50 of 905.4 IJs. Conclusion: This study is the first to use Steinernema nematodes against M. vermiculata. The parasitic nematode Steinernema scapterisci shows potential as an effective biocontrol agent for managing M. vermiculata, one of the most troublesome molluscan pests, within a few days.

Keywords: Entomopathogenic Nematodes; Massylaea Vermiculata; Steinernema Scaptersci; Snail Control

References


Ahmed, K.S.D.; Stephens, C.; Bistline-East, A.; Williams, C.D.; Mc Donnell, R.J.; Carnaghi, M.; Huallacháin, D.Ó.; Gormally, M.J. (2019). Biological control of pestiferous slugs using Tetanocera elata (Fabricius)(Diptera: Sciomyzidae): Larval behavior and feeding on slugs exposed to Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider, 1859). Biol. Control, 135, 1–8

Akhurst R,, Smith K., (2002). Regulation and safety. In: Gaugler R (ed) Entomopathogenic nematology, vol 1. CABI, New York, pp 311–332

Barker, G. M. (2002). Molluscs as Crop Pests. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, U.K.

Barker, G.M., Efford, M.G. (2004). Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.

Bishara, S.I., Hassan, M.S.m Kalliny, A.S. (1968). Studies on some land snails injurious to agriculture in U.A.R. Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines Lxx VII (3-4): 239-252.

De Ley, I. T., McDonnell, R. D., Lopez, S., Paine, T. D., De Ley, P. (2014). Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a potential biocontrol agent isolated for the first time from invasive slugs in North America. Nematology, 16, 1129-1138.

https://doi. org/10.1163/15685411-0000283

Dutky SR, Thompson JV, Cantwell GE. (1964). A technique for the mass propagation of the DD-136 nematode. Journal of Insect Pathology.;6:417–422

El-Ashry, R. M., Abd El-Aal, E. M. (2019). Evaluation of certain Egyptian Heterorhabditids isolates as molluscicidal nematodes for the control of Deroceras reticulatum and D. laeve slugs under laboratory conditions. Egyptian Journal of Agronematology, 18, 70-80. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejaj.2019.52596

El-Deeb HI, Wilson M, Eshara EH (1999). Ecological studies on certain land snails infest some Economic crops at Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Pest Cont., Mansoura, Egypt 19–28.

El-Okda, M.K. (1984). Land mollusca infestation & chemical control in El-Ismaelia Governorate. Agricultural Research Review, Egypt 62: 87-92.

EL-Sayed H.E. (2013). Survey and Distribution of Terrestrial Snails in Fruit Orchards and Ornamental Plants at Alexandria and EL-Beheira Governorates, Egypt. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, VOL. 34, No.2 APRIL-JUNE 2013

Genena, M. A. M., Mostafa, F. A. M. (2013). Pathogenicity of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema carpocapsae and Diplogaster spp. against the clover land snail, Monacha cantiana. World Research Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2, 17-20.

Godan, D. (1983). Pest slugs & snails –Biology & control. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 73-74: 287-293

Hussein, M.A.; Metwally, H. M., El-Raoaaf M.A. (2015). Foliar Application of Native Bio-Formulated Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Diamondback Moth in Aquaponic Agriculture. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical sciences.6(6): 1030-1035.

Jaffuel, G., Puža, V., Hug, A.-S., Meuli, R.G., Nermut’, J., Turlings, T.C.J., Desurmont, G.A., Campos-Herrera, R. (2019). Molecular detection and quantification of slug parasitic nematodes from the soil and their hosts. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 160, 1-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.005

Khidr, F.K; Gabr, W.M.; Youssef, A.S. and Hussien, S.S. (2006): Biochemical effects of two natural pesticides on the brown garden snail, Eobania vermiculata. Egypt. J. Agric. Res. 84(3):713-72.

Li, P.S., Deng, C.S., Zhang, S.G. and Yang, H.W. (1986) Preliminary tests on Steinernema glaseri infecting the snail, Oncomelania hupensis, an intermediate host of Schistosoma japonica. Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2: 50-52.

Mahmoud Nermeen, Ibrahim A.M., Willson M., Mahmoud M., Hussein Mona, Moussa S. M. (2019). Molecular identification of parasitic nematode and its pathogenicity against three species of land gastropods. Research on Crops, 20 (Issue Suppl): S85-S90. DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2019.139

Mahrous, M. E.P.; Ibrahim Mervat, H. and Abdel -Aal, E. M. (2002). Occurrence, population density and importance value of land snails infesting different crops in Sharkia Governorate. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, Egypt. 29 (2): 613-629.

Poinar, G.O. Jr and Thomas, G.M. (1966) Significance of Achromobacter nematophilus Poinar and Thomas (Achromobacteraceae: Eubacteriales) in the development of the nematode, DD-136 (Neoaplectana sp. Steinernematidae). Parasitology 56, 385–390.

Puža, V., Mrácek, Z., Nermut, J., (2016). Novelties in pest control by entomopathogenic and mollusc-parasitic nematodes. In: Harsimran, G. (Ed.), Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Environmentally Sound Pest Management. Chapter: 4, InTech, pp. 71–102.

White GF. (1927). A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science. 66:302–303.

Wilson, M.J., Rae, R., (2015). Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita as a control agent for slugs. In: Campos-Herrera, R. (Ed.), Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 507–519.

Wilson, M.J., Glen, D.M., George, S.K., Pearce, J.D., Wiltshire, C.W., (1994). Biological control of slugs in winter wheat using the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Ann. Appl. Biol., ,125: 377-390.

Abstract
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx


View Altmetric




Save
0
Citation
257
View

Share