Journal of Angiotherapy
Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
  1. You are here:
  2. Home
  3. Journals
  4. Biological Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 8 (2)

The Effect of Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Prothrombin Biomarkers in Pregnant Women With Gestational And Chronic Hypertension

Saif al deen M. Khatlan 1*, Wijdan I.A. Abd-alwahab 2

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8 (2) 1-7 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.829523

Submitted: 17 December 2023 Revised: 15 February 2024  Published: 24 February 2024 

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy complications, such as gestational hypertension (GH), affect around 5-8% of pregnancies, which may progress to more severe conditions like pre-eclampsia. It is essential to closely monitor various physiological and biochemical markers, including B-natriuretic peptide (BNP), prothrombin time, and iron levels, to detect and manage hypertensive disorders early on during pregnancy.  Methods: Our study, conducted from July to October 2023, involved 96 women grouped into four categories: pregnant with GH, healthy pregnant, non-pregnant with chronic HT, and healthy non-pregnant individuals. We utilized techniques such as ELISA, coagulation analysis, and biochemical assays to measure physiological parameters like BNP, prothrombin time, and iron levels. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the Duncan multiple range test to derive meaningful insights from the data. Results: We observed significant increases in body mass index and blood pressure among pregnant individuals with GH and non-pregnant individuals with HT when compared to their respective control groups. BNP levels were notably elevated in both hypertensive groups, with pregnant individuals with GH exhibiting the highest levels. Furthermore, prothrombin time showed a significant increase in pregnant individuals with GH and non-pregnant individuals with HT. Conversely, iron levels decreased notably in pregnant individuals with GH and non-pregnant individuals with HT compared to their respective control groups. Conclusion: Elevated BNP levels may indicate cardiac stress, while increased prothrombin time suggests alterations in coagulation profiles in hypertensive pregnancies. Implementing routine screenings for pregnant women can help mitigate the risks associated with gestational hypertension and ultimately improve outcomes for both mothers and their babies.

Keywords: Pregnancy, Gestational hypertension, B-natriuretic peptide, Prothrombin, Iron.

References

Abu-Ouf, N. M., and Jan, M. M. (2015). The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child's health. Saudi medical journal, 36(2), 146–149.

Al-Amer O. M. (2022). The role of thrombin in haemostasis. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis, 33(3), 145–148.

Ames, B. N., Atamna, H., and Killilea, D. W. (2005). Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can accelerate the mitochondrial decay of aging. Molecular aspects of medicine, 26(4-5), 363-378.‏

An, H., Chen, H., Li, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Ye, R., and Li, N. (2022). Association of Gestational Hypertension with Anemia under 5 Years Old: Two Large Longitudinal Chinese Birth Cohorts. Nutrients, 14(8), 1621.

Bawore, S. G., Adissu, W., Niguse, B., Larebo, Y. M., Ermolo, N. A., and Gedefaw, L. (2021). A pattern of platelet indices as a potential marker for prediction of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending a Tertiary Hospital, Ethiopia: A case-control study. Plos one, 16(11), e0259543.

Belayhun, Y., Kassa, Y., Mekonnen, N., Binu, W., Tenga, M., and Duko, B. (2021). Determinants of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension among Mothers Attending Public Hospitals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: Findings from Unmatched Case-Control Study. International journal of hypertension, 2021, 6947499.

Caillon, A., Paradis, P., and Schiffrin, E. L. (2019). Role of immune cells in hypertension. British journal of pharmacology, 176(12), 1818-1828.‏

Clerico, A., Franzini, M., Masotti, S., Prontera, C., and Passino, C. (2015). State of the art of immunoassay methods for B-type natriuretic peptides: an update. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 52(2), 56-69.

DiPietro, L., Evenson, K. R., Bloodgood, B., Sprow, K., Troiano, R. P., Piercy, K. L., ... and Powell, K. E. (2019). Benefits of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum: an umbrella review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 51(6), 1292.

Dohi, Y. (2022). Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level as a possible predictor of dietary salt intake. Hypertension Research, 45(7), 1134-1135.

Fox, S. I. (2009). Fundamentals of human physiology (Vol. 749). New York, NY, USA:: McGraw-Hill.

Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 75(2), 285–292.

Hennessy, D. J., Reid, G. R., Smith, F. E., and Thompson, S. L. (1984). Ferene—a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Canadian journal of chemistry, 62(4), 721-724.

      https://www.britannica.com/science/pregnancy

Huffman, J. W. (2023). pregnancy. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Hui, C., Lili, M., Libin, C., Rui, Z., Fang, G., Ling, G., and Jianping, Z. (2012). Changes in coagulation and hemodynamics during pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study of 58 cases. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 285(5), 1231–1236.

Iqbal, A. M., & Jamal, S. F. (2023). Essential Hypertension. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Kotaska, A. (2018). Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis may cause more harm than benefit: an evidence-based analysis of Canadian and international guidelines. Thrombosis journal, 16(1), 25.

Landi, F., Calvani, R., Picca, A., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Ortolani, E., Sisto, A., D'Angelo, E., Serafini, E., Desideri, G., Fuga, M. T., and Marzetti, E. (2018). Body Mass Index is Strongly Associated with Hypertension: Results from the Longevity Check-up 7+ Study. Nutrients, 10(12), 1976.

Mensah G. A. (2016). Hypertension and Target Organ Damage: Don't Believe Everything You Think!. Ethnicity and disease, 26(3), 275–278.

Moftakhar, L., Solaymani-Dodaran, M., and Cheraghian, B. (2018). Role of obesity in gestational hypertension in primigravidae women: A case control study in Shadegan, Iran. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 32, 104.‏

Nadar, S., and Lip, G. Y. (2003). The prothrombotic state in hypertension and the effects of antihypertensive treatment. Current pharmaceutical design, 9(21), 1715–1732.

Nnenna Adaeze, N., Uchenna Emeribe, A., Abdullahi Nasiru, I., Babayo, A., and Uko, E. K. (2014). Evaluation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in hypertensive patients attending a tertiary hospital in calabar, Nigeria. Advances in hematology, 2014, 932039.

Onyema, E. B., Kelechi, A., Anslem, A., and Chinedu, O. E. (2023). Some Haematological Parameters in Primary Hypertensive Subjects Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 13(2), 69-77.

Quick, A. J. (1938). The nature of the bleeding in jaundice. Journal of the American Medical Association, 110(20), 1658-1662.

Rohilla, M., Raveendran, A., Dhaliwal, L. K., and Chopra, S. (2010). Severe anaemia in pregnancy: a tertiary hospital experience from northern India. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 30(7), 694-696.‏

Shariq, O. A., and McKenzie, T. J. (2020). Obesity-related hypertension: a review of pathophysiology, management, and the role of metabolic surgery. Gland surgery, 9(1), 80.

Shekar, A., Mustoor Raman, L., Pujari, S., and Goudappala, P. (2022). Study on coagulation profile in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension in South Indian population. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences.

Soma-Pillay, P., Nelson-Piercy, C., Tolppanen, H., and Mebazaa, A. (2016). Physiological changes in pregnancy: review articles. Cardiovascular journal of Africa, 27(2),         89-94.

Staessen, J. A., Wang, J., Bianchi, G., and Birkenhäger, W. H. (2003). Essential hypertension. The Lancet, 361(9369), 1629-1641.

Stanford health care (2023). Gestational Hypertension. Accessed on: October 22, 2023:https://stanfordhealthcare.org.

Sullivan, C. A., Kahn, S. E., Fujimoto, W. Y., Hayashi, T., Leonetti, D. L., and Boyko, E. J. (2015). Change in intra-abdominal fat predicts the risk of hypertension in Japanese Americans. Hypertension, 66(1), 134-140.‏

Unurjargal, T., Sodovsuren, N., and Khorloo, C. (2023). PS-C06-7: NT-PRO BNP IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. Journal of Hypertension, 41(Suppl 1), e198.

Wall M. (2010). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Neurologic clinics, 28(3), 593–617.

Wojta J. (2022). High altitude thrombosis-Evidence for underlying mechanisms from a large prospective longitudinal study. The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia, 3, 100039.

World Health Organization’s (2023). First WHO report details devastating impact of hypertension and ways to stop it. Accessed on: October 20, 2023: https://www.who.int/ .

Wuehl, E. (2019). Hypertension in childhood obesity. Acta Paediatrica, 108(1), 37-43.

Yu, L., Zhou, Q., Peng, Q., and Yang, Z. (2018). Left ventricular function of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension evaluated using velocity vector imaging echocardiography and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Echocardiography, 35(4), 459-466.

Zachariah, S. K., Fenn, M., Jacob, K., Arthungal, S. A., and Zachariah, S. A. (2019). Management of acute abdomen in pregnancy: current perspectives. International journal of women's health, 119-134.

PDF
Abstract
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx


View Altmetric




Save
0
Citation
518
View

Share