Organic Farming through Sustainable Production, Its Socio-Economic Impacts in Rural Livelihood and for Community Development

Md Abdullah ¹*, Sefali Sultana Parvin ²

Organic farming in Sikkim enhances socio-economic conditions, empowers women, promotes sustainability, and fosters rural development through supportive governmental policies.

Abstract

Background: Organic farming has gained global attention due to its socio-economic and environmental advantages. In Sikkim, India, the adoption of organic farming has been promoted since 2003, transforming it into a key livelihood source, especially for rural communities. However, the dynamics between organic farming, non-farm activities, and the socio-economic well-being of the cultivators remain underexplored, particularly across the state's four districts. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach to assess the socio-economic impact of organic farming in Sikkim. Quantitative data were collected through household surveys and analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to identify factors influencing per capita income. Qualitative insights were gathered from interviews with group-based organic cultivators to explore gender participation and community dynamics. Results: Findings revealed that non-farm activities contribute a higher percentage of household income than farm activities across all districts, with the East district exhibiting the largest disparity due to urbanization and diverse employment opportunities. Female dominance in group-based organic farming groups indicates the potential of organic farming to empower women economically and socially. Furthermore, the socio-economic profiles of organic cultivators improved significantly, with enhanced living standards, better health, and stronger community cohesion. The study also highlighted that education, farming experience, and access to government facilities positively and significantly influence per capita income. Despite these benefits, challenges such as limited market access, inadequate transportation, and insufficient educational facilities hinder the full potential of organic farming in Sikkim. Conclusion: The study underscores the transformative impact of organic farming in Sikkim, benefiting both rural livelihoods and the broader economy.

Keywords: Organic farming, Socio-economic development, Rural livelihoods, Women empowerment, Agricultural sustainability

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