Understanding Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli: Implications for Infection Management in Cancer Patients

Md Fatin

doi:10.25163/microbbioacts.5110251

Journal of Integrative Microbial Sciences | Online ISSN 2209-2161

REVIEWS (Open Access)

Previous Contents Vol 5 (1)

Understanding Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli: Implications for Infection Management in Cancer Patients

Md Fatin ¹*

+ Author Affiliations

Microbial Bioactives 5 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.5110251

Submitted: 15 December 2021 Revised: 08 February 2022 Published: 11 February 2022

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become a significant challenge in infection management, particularly for immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains limits therapeutic options, complicating treatment and increasing mortality risks. Cancer patients are especially vulnerable due to chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, frequent hospitalizations, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, which facilitate the selection of resistant strains. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance in E. coli, such as enzymatic degradation of antibiotics, efflux pump overexpression, and alterations in target sites, is crucial in developing effective treatment strategies. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare settings have accelerated the evolution of resistant E. coli strains. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, and fluoroquinolone-resistant variants are particularly concerning in oncology wards. Current management strategies focus on antimicrobial stewardship, rapid diagnostic techniques, and combination therapy approaches to mitigate resistance. Bioengineering and phage therapy have also emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This review explores the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance in E. coli, its clinical impact on cancer patients, and potential strategies to overcome treatment challenges. By addressing the implications of antibiotic resistance within oncology settings, this article highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions, policy changes, and multidisciplinary collaboration to combat this growing crisis.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, cancer patients, multidrug resistance, infection management, immunosuppression, oncology, antimicrobial stewardship.

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