Biopesticides in Sustainable Agriculture: Enhancing Targeted Pest Control and Ecosystem Health

Ayesha Areej¹, Muhammad Usama¹, Umer Zulfiqar¹, Fatima Sarwar¹, Maryam¹, Aneela Ashiq ¹*

This review discusses the biopesticides’ potential in sustainable agriculture, offering targeted pest control, preserving ecosystems, and reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals.

Abstract

Background: The shift towards environmentally sustainable agriculture is propelling the use of biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Derived from microorganisms, plants, or biological materials, biopesticides offer a safer, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides by targeting specific pests without harming non-target species. This study explores the efficacy and role of biopesticides in sustainable agriculture. Methods: Biopesticides, including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), neem extract, and insect growth regulators, were selected and prepared in standardized solutions. Field trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with treatment and control plots. Pest populations, crop health, and yield were monitored over a 60-day period, and statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey's HSD) was applied to assess differences. Results: Results showed microbial, biochemical, and plant-based biopesticides effectively reduced pest populations. Microbial biopesticides, such as Bt, exhibited high specificity, sparing beneficial organisms. Biochemical agents, including neem, disrupted pest cycles without lethal impacts. Combined treatments demonstrated enhanced pest control and delayed resistance, supporting IPM strategies. Conclusion: Biopesticides present a promising alternative in IPM, enhancing soil health and reducing chemical use. While economic and environmental barriers exist, ongoing biotechnology advancements are likely to improve efficacy and adoption. Integrating biopesticides with biofertilizers offers a holistic approach to sustainable agriculture, promoting ecosystem balance and long-term resilience.

Keywords: Biopesticides, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Sustainable agriculture, Microbial pesticides, Eco-friendly pest control.

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