Personalized Approaches to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment: The Impact of Microbial Infections on Therapeutic Outcomes
Moniruzzaman 1*
Journal of Precision Biosciences 5(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/biosciences.5110250
Submitted: 06 April 2023 Revised: 08 June 2023 Published: 12 June 2023
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies due to its late diagnosis, complex pathogenesis, and limited treatment options. Personalized therapeutic approaches have gained momentum, offering targeted interventions based on genetic, metabolic, and immunological profiles. However, an often-overlooked factor in HCC treatment outcomes is the impact of microbial infections, particularly chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as alterations in gut microbiota. These infections influence HCC progression through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, immune modulation, and direct hepatocyte damage, all of which can alter responses to conventional and targeted therapies. Recent studies highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in modifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and systemic therapies for HCC. Moreover, bacterial translocation and microbial metabolites can interfere with drug metabolism, reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. Consequently, integrating microbiome-targeted therapies such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics into personalized HCC treatment plans may enhance therapeutic success. This review explores the intricate relationship between microbial infections and HCC treatment responses, emphasizing the need for microbiome-informed treatment strategies. By understanding how microbial pathogens and gut microbiota influence therapeutic efficacy, clinicians can optimize treatment regimens, minimize adverse effects, and improve overall patient outcomes. Furthermore, advances in microbiome research offer promising avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Personalized approaches that incorporate microbial profiling may pave the way for more effective and individualized treatment modalities for HCC.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Microbial infections, Gut microbiota, Personalized medicine, Immune modulation
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