Novel Hesperidin-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Drug Delivery
Sneha Salian 1, Anoop Narayanan V 1*
Biosensors and Nanotheranostics 3(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/biosensors.3173410
Submitted: 15 March 2024 Revised: 26 April 2024 Published: 01 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are increasingly recognized for their chemical stability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and intrinsic therapeutic activity. Hesperidin, a secondary metabolite found primarily in citrus fruits, is known for its potent antioxidant and anticancer properties. Loading hesperidin onto the surface of silver nanoparticles may enhance its biological activity by improving cellular penetration and enabling targeted delivery. This study aimed to formulate hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles and evaluate their anticancer potential. Methods: Hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles were formulated by reacting 1 mg of hesperidin dissolved in 10 mL of methanol with 90 mL of 1 mM silver nitrate solution, adjusted to a pH of 10. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by a peak at 419 nm in the UV-Visible spectra. Plain silver nanoparticles were also synthesized for comparison using trisodium citrate as a reducing agent. The formulations were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the loading of hesperidin on the metal surface through the identification of corresponding functional groups. Particle size and zeta potential were measured to assess the stability and size distribution of the nanoparticles. Additionally, antioxidant activity was evaluated, and an anticancer study was performed on lung cancer cell lines to compare the cytotoxic effects of hesperidin and hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles. Results: The particle size of the hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles was found to be 96.61 ± 2.39 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.368 ± 0.02, and a zeta potential of -19.9 ± 0.6 mV. In comparison, plain silver nanoparticles had a particle size of 95.68 ± 17.87 nm, a PDI of 0.51 ± 0.12, and a zeta potential of -27.1 ± 1.21 mV. The antioxidant activity of the hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles was higher compared to plain hesperidin. However, the anticancer study revealed that hesperidin alone induced higher cytotoxicity than the hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles on lung cancer cell lines. Conclusion: The loading of hesperidin onto silver nanoparticles enhances its antioxidant potential, suggesting a potential for targeted delivery and therapeutic applications. Despite the reduced cytotoxicity of hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles compared to hesperidin alone in lung cancer cell lines, further studies are warranted to explore their potential for targeted anticancer therapies.
Keywords: Hesperidin-loaded silver nanoparticles (HLSNPs), Targeted drug delivery, Cancer therapy, Green synthesis, Anticancer properties
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