Efficacy and Pharmacology of Herbal Remedies for Stress and Anxiety: A Comprehensive Review

Beatrice Atieno Otieno ¹*

This review discusses the potential of herbal remedies as natural alternatives for managing stress and anxiety, supported by current research.

Abstract

Background: Stress and anxiety have become widespread issues in contemporary society, driven by increased work demands, personal challenges, and societal pressures. Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to address stress and anxiety, offering potential benefits without the side effects often associated with synthetic medications. Methods: This review examines the pharmacological mechanisms and efficacy of several herbal remedies commonly used for managing stress and anxiety. Key herbs explored include Ashwagandha, Valerian Root, Passionflower, Lavender, Chamomile, Lemon Balm, and Rhodiola. The review focuses on their active compounds, mechanisms of action, and recent advances in research. The evidence was gathered from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. Results: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) demonstrates effectiveness in balancing stress hormones and enhancing resilience, with recent trials confirming its benefits for stress reduction and improved sleep quality. Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis) shows efficacy in enhancing GABAergic activity, reducing anxiety, and improving sleep without significant drowsiness. Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is effective in regulating GABA levels and serotonin pathways, aiding in anxiety reduction and improved sleep. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) provides calming effects through its essential oils, influencing the limbic system and reducing anxiety symptoms. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) also show promise in reducing anxiety and improving cognitive function through their active compounds. Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) enhances stress resilience and mental performance, supported by its adaptogenic properties. Conclusion: Herbal remedies offer valuable, natural alternatives for managing stress and anxiety. Understanding the pharmacological properties and recent advances in research can help individuals make informed decisions about incorporating these remedies into their mental health management strategies.

Keywords: Herbal remedies, stress management, anxiety reduction, pharmacology, clinical trials

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