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RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 6 (1)

Plant Hormones: The Essential Regulators of Growth and Development in Plants Through Complex Signaling Pathways and Interactions

Md. Sohel Rana 1*, Md. Shakil Ahmed 1, Tahnia Basher 2, Syeda Anjuman Ara Aunni 3

+ Author Affiliations

Australian Herbal Insight 6 (1) 1-4 https://doi.org/10.25163/ahi.619959

Submitted: 08 May 2023 Revised: 09 July 2023  Published: 11 July 2023 

Abstract

Background: Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, are vital for regulating plant growth, development, aynd responses to environmental stimuli. Understanding these hormones, including auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene, provides insight into how plants manage critical processes such as germination, flowering, and stress responses. Methods: This study explores the roles of plant hormones using controlled greenhouse experiments, genetic analysis, and hormone quantification techniques. Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) were used as model organisms. Hormone levels were measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the expression of genes involved in hormone signaling pathways was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: The study found that auxins significantly influence root development, while cytokinins regulate shoot differentiation. Gibberellins promote stem elongation, abscisic acid induces dormancy and stress tolerance, and ethylene regulates fruit ripening and leaf abscission. The genetic analysis revealed a significant upregulation of specific genes during hormonal treatments, showing the direct link between hormone levels and gene expression. Conclusion: Plant hormones play a pivotal role in shaping plant morphology and adapting to environmental stresses. Understanding these hormonal interactions can contribute to agricultural innovations such as improving crop yields and enhancing stress resistance.

Keywords: plant hormones, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, growth regulation, development, signaling pathways, plant physiology

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