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Advances in Herbal Research | online ISSN 2209-1890
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Contents Vol 4 (1)

The Integral Role of Fungi in Plant Life: Mutualistic Symbiosis, Nutrient Cycling, Stress Tolerance, and Ecological Balance in Ecosystems

Kerry Bone 1, Philip Clarke 2*

+ Author Affiliations

Australian Herbal Insight 4 (1) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.25163/ahi.419935

Submitted: 05 May 2021 Revised: 09 July 2021  Published: 10 July 2021 

Abstract

Background: Fungi have a profound influence on plant life, significantly contributing to ecosystem health and plant productivity. These organisms form a variety of relationships with plants, ranging from mutualistic to pathogenic, affecting plant growth, nutrient uptake, and overall plant health. Mycorrhizal fungi, in particular, form symbiotic relationships with plants, enhancing their ability to absorb water and essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Methods: This review examines existing literature and recent findings regarding the interaction between fungi and plants. Data was compiled from studies focused on the ecological role of fungi, their physiological impacts on plants, and their contributions to nutrient cycling. Both laboratory-based experiments and field studies were reviewed. Results: The analysis revealed that fungi, particularly mycorrhizal fungi, increase plant nutrient absorption, enhance plant resistance to environmental stress, and aid in the decomposition of organic matter. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were shown to improve phosphorus uptake in many plant species, while ectomycorrhizal fungi aided in nitrogen fixation. Pathogenic fungi also play a significant role in shaping plant communities by influencing plant competition and biodiversity. Conclusion: Fungi are essential to plant life through their diverse roles in mutualistic symbiosis, nucling, and plant stress tolerance. These relationships are critical to both natural ecosystems and agricultural productivity. Future research should explore the potential of harnessing fungal-plant interactions to develop sustainable agricultural practices and improve ecosystem resilience to climate change.

Keywords: Fungi, Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Plant-Fungal Interactions, Nutrient Cycling, Plant Stress Tolerance, Ecosystem Functioning, Agricultural Productivity.

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