Genetic Disorders: Global Impacts, Healthcare Disparities, and Challenges in Bangladesh
Tasnima Jahan1*, Tanmay Halder1, Ayesha Islam1, Moin Uddin Patwary1, Raihan Mia1, Sakil Amin2, Azizur Rahman3
Journal of Precision Biosciences 6(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/biosciences.6110044
Submitted: 24 June 2024 Revised: 19 August 2024 Published: 20 August 2024
Abstract
Background: Genetic disorders significantly contribute to infant mortality and childhood morbidity, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). With congenital disorders causing approximately 410,000 child deaths annually, the burden is intensified by healthcare disparities, limited genetic research, and insufficient services in LMICs like Bangladesh. Advances in genetic research, particularly post-Human Genome Project, have expanded understanding but highlighted the challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, with over 95% of rare genetic diseases lacking FDA-approved therapies. Methods: This review evaluates the global and regional burden of genetic disorders, focusing on Bangladesh's challenges. It synthesizes data from genetic studies, healthcare evaluations, and international reports to assess disparities in service availability, resource allocation, and healthcare outcomes. Historical and current trends in genetic disorder management were analyzed to propose targeted interventions for resource-constrained settings. Results: Genetic disorders remain underdiagnosed in Bangladesh due to inadequate healthcare infrastructure, absence of a genetic registry, and limited public awareness. Common conditions include hemoglobinopathies, congenital heart defects, and muscular dystrophies. The maternal mortality rate (240/100,000 live births) and life expectancy (70 years) further underscore systemic inadequacies. Despite economic growth, gaps in neonatal screening, genetic counseling, and universal health coverage persist. Conclusion: Addressing genetic disorders in Bangladesh requires establishing a genetic disease registry, implementing neonatal screening, and enhancing healthcare training. Investments in public awareness and international collaborations can bridge gaps, reducing disparities and advancing equitable healthcare for LMICs. This model offers a framework for addressing genetic diseases in similar contexts globally.
Keywords: Genetic Disorders, Infant Mortality, Congenital Conditions, Healthcare Disparities, Neonatal Screening
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