Selectivity of Metal-modified HZSM-5 to Nitrogen-containing Containing Compounds in Two-step Hydrothermal Liquefaction Products of Nitrogen-rich Tobacco Stem
Jing Bai1,3, Lefei Li1, Hao Li2, Pan Li1,3, Chun Chang2,3
Energy Environment & Economy 2(1) 1-14 https://doi.org/10.25163/energy.2110185
Submitted: 22 November 2023 Revised: 02 February 2024 Published: 08 February 2024
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to investigate the selectivity of HZSM-5 zeolite modified by Zn, Cu, and Cr metals to nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) in two-step hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) products of nitrogen-rich tobacco stem (TS). Using GC-MS, XPS, FT-IR, GC, and SEM, the probable reaction process was analyzed for the reaction products. When HZSM-5 was used for catalytic liquefaction, the bio-oil yield was the highest, and the bio-oil contained the highest concentration of NCCs, which reached 64.13%. The modified HZSM-5 did not stimulate the NCCs in bio-oil as effectively as the unmodified HZSM-5. However, metal-modified HZSM-5 was helpful in the production of nicotine in bio-oil, with Cu/HZSM-5 exhibiting the highest selectivity. Cr/HZSM-5 was highly selective for pyrrole; following the catalytic process, the relative amount of pyrrole in bio-oil reached 4.19%. After the introduction of HZSM-5, the coking rate of the reaction products rose regardless of whether they were modified with a single metal, two metals, or three metals. This work provides an improved understanding of the manufacture of NCCs from TS by two-step HTL, as well as modified HZSM-5 for the synthesis of nicotine, pyridine, pyrrole, and pyrazine.
Keywords: Catalytic liquefaction, metal-loaded HZSM-5, nitrogen-containing compounds, tobacco stem, hydrothermal liquefaction
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